2. Between 10% and 33% of women with stress urinary incontinence (STU) have "detrusor instability". Urodynamic Testing will aid in detecting this subgroup.
3. For urinary incontinence that does not respond to conservative treatment, artificial urinary sphincters or the injection of bulking agents into the periurethral tissues may resolve the problem.
4. Terbutaline, a selective beta-2 agonist with sympathomimetic effect, has shown some efficacy in the treatment of priapism.
5. Interstitial cystitis is a bladder disease characterized by pain, suprapubic tenderness, and emotional and physical stress in women. The etiology is unknown. The therapy is multidisciplinary.
6. Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDU) appears to be superior to scintigraphy for diagnostic accuracy. Additionally it is faster, costs less, and avoids ionizing radiation, making it valuable for a primary role in evaluating patients with suspected testis torsion.
7. The effect of the DRE on serum PSA concentration appears to be negligible.
8. Circumcisions help prevent urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, cancer of the penis, and cancer of the cervix.
9. Recently the question of a relationship between vasectomy and prostate cancer has been raised. This relationship is unproven. The American Urologic Association (AUA) does not recommend reversal of the vasectomy as prophylaxis against prostate cancer for men who have undergone vasectomy. The AUA does recommend that men who had vasectomies more than 20 years ago or who were 40 years of age or older at the time of vasectomy have an annual DRE & PSA.
10. What is the current status of laser prostatectomies? Long-term results are unknown. Due to the failure of some laser manufacturers to apply for and receive approval from the FDA to use their laser device for a specific treatment, such as prostatectomy, the procedure has been non-reimbursable by most Medicare carriers and thus laser prostatectomies are experiencing a slow start. However, a number of urologists have continued to perform laser prostatectomies with good short-term results. In order to receive FDA approval the manufacturer must first demonstrate to the FDA that the device is safe and effective for a specific treatment.
