Current Trends...FYI Did You Know 1. Drs. Rebecca Lee & Rebecca J. Cole were the first and second African-American female physicians in America to graduate from medical school, in 1864 and 1867, respectively. 2. Urodynamic testing is helpful in assisting with correct classification of urinary incontinence. After correct classification, appropriate treatment options are selected. In females with stress urinary incontinence, transvaginal needle bladder-neck suspension is over 90% successful. Males with urinary incontinence due to sphincter incompetence can be treated successfully the majority of the time with a fascial sling or artificial urinary sphincter surgery. JUST SAY NO TO URINARY INCONTINENCE 3. There are four major causes of erectile dysfunction: psychological, hormonal, neurological, and vascular. Testing is directed at determining whether the cause of impotence falls into one or a combination of these four categories. Treatment of our patients is tailored to the cause of the impotence and the desires of the patient. We offer medical therapy (pills and intracorporeal injections), mechanical therapy (vacuum erection devices), and surgical therapy (implants, vascular reconstruction). 4. Results of radical prostatectomy alone: patients with pathologic Stage B prostate cancer (cancer confined within the prostate with no capsular invasion) have a ten year survival rate of 87%. 5. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is the serum marker used to evaluate prostate cancer recurrence after definitive treatment with surgery or radiation. At three years of follow-up, patients whose PSA is still normal have less than an 8 percent probability of developing prostate cancer recurrence in the future. 6. Approximately 15% of married couples attempting to achieve a pregnancy are unable to do so. Of these 15%, it is estimated that the cause of the problem is relegated to the male partner in at least one-half of the couples. 7. For kidney stones less than 2.5 - 3.0 cm and proximal ureteral stones, shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is the first line choice of therapy. For middle and distal ureteral stones ureteroscopy is currently favored. 8. Continent Urostomy and Neobladders are alternatives to passive urinary conduits for patients with dysfunctional bladders or those who must have the bladder removed, e.g., for invasive bladder cancer. 9. Lower grades of vesicoureteral reflux in children (grades I-III) are likely to subside spontaneously and are now managed with low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis until late childhood unless there are breakthrough febrile infections. 10. PSA based screening for prostate cancer does not lead to over-treatment and is less expensive and more cost-effective than screening for breast cancer. | 
